APA 7 Guide (Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association): Personal Communication

Nonrecoverable sources (not accessible to the reader) are not included in the reference list. They are included in the text as an in-text citation. These sources are nonarchived, unarchived, nonrecorded or deleted. Some examples are: emails, livestreams, social media posts, classroom lectures, webinars and presentations.

The in-text citation should include the initial and last name of the communicator, the phrase personal communication, and the exact date.

Parenthetical citation:

(R. Carter, personal communication, February 10, 2022)